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2011年4月18日星期一

Scientists developing Novel Ionic Liquid Batteries in Battery Technology

Battery Technology - Scientists developing Novel Ionic Liquid Batteries


Scientists at the NRL Materials Science and Technology Division are providing solid evidence that there is a new route towards developing novel, lightweight energy storage devices. By moving away from centuries of caustic, hazardous aqueous-based battery cells and instead using non-volatile, thermally-stable ionic liquids, scientists predict multiple new types of batteries. Rather than depend on highly acidic electrolytes, ionic liquids are used to create a solid polymer electrolyte composed of an ionic liquid and polyvinyl alcohol, developing novel types of solid state batteries with discharge voltages ranging up to 1.8 volts.
The unique properties of ionic liquids have fostered this explosive interest in battery applications. Ionic liquids are room temperature molten salts that possess many important characteristics, such as nearly no vapor pressure, non- flammability and lack of reactivity in various electrochemical or industrial applications. "It is the high thermal and electrochemical stability of the ionic liquids which has fostered the growing interest in ionic liquids for use in various electrochemical processes," said Dr. Thomas Sutto. "These new types of solid-state cells mimic standard alkaline cells, but without the need for caustic electrolytes."
From left to right: (A) a Zn anode (1cm in diameter), (B) an EMIHSO4- PVA separator (laying on a syringe needle to illustrate thickness and transparency), and (C) a PbO2 - carbon cathode. 
Limits imposed by using corrosive electrolytes often result in severe restrictions to standard battery geometry and the need for special corrosive-resistant battery containers. The use of reactive ionic liquids in non-aqueous cells replaces the more hazardous highly alkaline electrolytes such as manganese oxide (MgO) and zinc (Zn) found in traditional Dell d630 battery,Dell inspiron 1300 battery.
The root of this work began during standard corrosion studies of different metals in ionic liquids. While working with ionic liquids based on mineral acids, such as hydrogen sulphates, it was observed that Zn metal would react to form zinc sulphate. Since this is similar to that observed for the zinc anode in a standard alkaline cell, a series of experiments were then performed to determine how different metal oxides reacted in these types of ionic liquids.
Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that not only can these reactive ionic liquids act as the electrolyte/separator in both solid state and liquid batteries, but they can also act as a reactive species in the cell's electrochemical makeup. Using a non-aqueous approach to primary and secondary power sources, batteries are designed using standard cathode and anode materials such as magnesium dioxide (MgO2), lead dioxide (PbO2) and silver oxide (AgO). The ionic liquid that is the main focus of this work is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (EMIHSO4), however, other ionic liquids such as those based on the nitrate and dihydrogen phosphate anions (negatively charged ions) have also been found to work well in this type of a Asus eee pc 1000h battery,compaq dv2000 battery design.
The use of these electrolytes suggests the potential for new types of rechargeable systems, such as replacement electrolytes in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, or even the standard lead-acid battery. Experimental work is currently underway to develop such a rechargeable ionic liquid power source. The ability to create solid separators also allows for the formation of many new types of batteries via a number of fabrication techniques.

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2011年4月2日星期六

Why you getting silly with your Laptop?

Last Week,I stopped to pause on what it all means. Samsung Series 9 open on my lap, I looked at its curved lines and flowing form and wondered: is this enough?
I wondered if I was getting bored with laptops.
Moreover, I wondered if the laptop (Dell inspiron 1520 batteries) industry wasn't simply getting lazy amid a period in time that's seeing a computing revolution everywhere else.
Our current age is awash in new portable computing gadgets. Smartphones, now tablets. They get smaller, more advanced, and their designs keep changing, even on a monthly basis. Their OSes are fluidly redefining themselves--Android and iOS are adding new features and spreading their capabilities yearly. Windows 7 and OSX, meanwhile, feel frozen in time.
Of course, I'm extremely aware that manufacturers want you to feel that way. The iPad Tablets, and even new thin sliding convertible laptops...they're products to grab your money. They're not always what we need. I recognize that even as I cradle my iPad everywhere: it's a great gadget to use, but technically it's often superfluous.
Still, that venerable laptop--the computer Steve Jobs likened to a truck not so long ago--feels like the product of a bygone age. Too many laptops I review feel too similar to each other: subtle variations on a theme, adding a little RAM, a little hard drive space, a brighter screen, a slightly better battery. Few of them take risks and adopt new designs. Firstly, new designs are expensive. Secondly, new designs don't necessarily make a product better.
The current laptop industry has some big advantages in its favor: your average mainstream laptop is extremely functional, aggressively priced, and more than ample for anyone's everyday needs than it's ever been before. That's exactly what makes them hard to replace, or to even redesign. They're the best buys in the portable tech landscape.
However, I find myself using my home laptop less and less. If I'm commuting, I use my phone: at home, some combination of my phone and iPad. Days may pass before I open the lid of my old notebook, only to discover that I let its battery drain away in standby.
And yet...and yet, iPads can't be used as standalone devices. They require syncing to computers. I need my computer for certain tasks and advanced programs that simply don't exist on tablets or phones yet. So, I turn back to my computer for these odd jobs, which have become increasingly less common. If there's one device I'd need over any other in my home, the vote would still go to my laptop.
But for how long will this still be true for me? And, I wonder, can laptops reinvent themselves more aggressively to counter the growth of other gadgets?
It's a debate that I go back and forth on in my head, but the answer I keep coming to is always the same: laptops should take pains to catch up to where smartphones and tablets are heading, or risk becoming tech fossils.
The shape of a laptop is largely defined by its function: the size of its screen, a keyboard underneath, a hinge to hold it together--thus, the boxy, rectangular shape of a laptop. The essential design's changed very little since laptops first emerged decades Asus a42-v6 batteries ago. Meanwhile, the average touch-screen smartphone bears practically no resemblance to the massive flip-to-talk phones of the 1980s. Can laptops take a design leap in another direction--slide-out keyboards, more modular designs? Or, have sparser touch-screen devices simply one-upped the laptop's form? Are devices like the Sliding PC 7 and Acer Iconia the answer, or thin, longer-life laptops like the MacBook Air and Samsung Series 9? Or is a good, old-fashioned all-around laptop still the best design of all, stylishness be damned?
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