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2011年4月21日星期四

Battery News - Use the ocean to recharge batteries

Battery News - Use the ocean to recharge batteries www.wholesaleeshop.com.au

When people think of harvesting energy from the oceans, it's typically in the form of wave or tidal power, in which the motion of the water drives the production of electricity. A paper in Nano Letters suggests an alternate way to turn the ocean into power: using the fact that it's salty. There have been a few ideas about how to extract energy from the salinity difference between salt and fresh water, but the paper suggests a rather intriguing approach: treat the entire ocean a bit like a battery medium.
The battery charge cycle generally involves the exchange of electrons with ions that shuffle between a storage medium and electrodes; normally, the ions themselves remain encased within the battery. The new device takes a very different approach, allowing the ions to exchange Hp pavilion dv5 battery freely with water that flows through it.
The device has electrodes that specifically react with some of the salt ions normally found in sea water. One is made of manganese dioxide, which can react with a sodium ion to form Na2Mn5O10. The material also happens to be cheap, environmentally benign, and has a high energy density. The authors weren't so careful when they chose the other electrode, as they used silver, which can react with chlorine. Thus, the two electrodes in the device can sequester the ions that form when sodium chloride—common salt—dissolves in water.
This allows for a simple cycle. When salt water flows over the electrodes, they capture the ions, producing a charged Hp dv6000 battery. When the salt water is replaced by freshwater, the cycle can be reversed, but in order to do so, electrons have to flow between the two electrodes, creating a usable current. The authors call their device a "mixing entropy battery," and show some examples that perform at about 75 percent of the theoretical efficiency, with no decline over 100 cycles. They also show that it works perfectly well with environmental samples.
There's not a huge amount of energy available per device, but the authors calculate that a freshwater flow of 40 cubic meters a second could generate up to 100MW. For context, Niagara Falls sees over 1,800 m3/s. Globally, about 2TW of energy could be harvested. That's not a lot compared to our energy needs, but the approach could be part of a renewable portfolio, since it could run around the clock provided that the fresh water stream is kept separate from the salt.
But the authors also offer a less grand but possibly more compelling application: a simple system for storing solar power. A closed solar still could evaporate fresh water from a salt stock, allowing a source of material to discharge the Toshiba pa3534u-1bas battery. The authors also demonstrate one of these devices, and show it can run for over 100 cycles with no loss of efficiency.
For all their devices, the authors say that it should be possible to improve the geometry of the electrodes to boost efficiencies even further. This doesn't seem like the sort of thing that's going to set the world on fire—the energy involved is simply too small—but an improved version may provide a simple, flexible way of storing renewable power in some specific contexts.
Laptop batteries are crucial when working on the road. To get maximum performance from your laptop battery, fully optimize the laptop's power management features prior to use. However, there is a trade off when setting your laptop power management. You will achieve better power conservation in exchange for lesser computing performance. The power management system conserves the laptop battery power by setting the processor to run at a slower speed, dimming the laptop screen, slowing down the hard drive when it's not in use and causing the machine to go into sleep or suspend mode when it is inactive. Your laptop user's guide will provide information relating to specific power management features.
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2011年3月27日星期日

Why the iPad revolution has reformed working lives?

Why the iPad revolution has reformed working lives?

These were not gadget freaks or latte-quaffing Hoxton-based web designers, as some imagine iPad users to be. They were a large group of senior civil servants and bankers, in a country well beyond Europe and the US. To them, the iPad wasn't a status symbol; it was a device they had chosen to use because it enhanced their ability to do their job.
one to one high simulation IPAD Android Tablet PC
A year on from its arrival, Apple's iPad tablet computer still divides opinion. A large group of people insist it is an "overpriced toy" with limited functionality -- no keyboard, doesn't run Microsoft Office, can't play Flash video, can't expand its storage. But a growing number believe that, on the contrary, the iPad represents a new frontier in computing. And they simply don't care what the first group thinks. They're getting on with using their machines.
We have lived with the PC paradigm for around 30 years now, since IBM introduced its first personal computers and pushed them into businesses in the early 80s. Until the launch of the iPad last year the only comparable change in the market had been the laptop, which led to the emergence of an army of travelling salespeople whose most urgent need was always to find a power point where they could charge their machine's fading battery.
The iPad seems to be different -- a third stage of computing. Horace Dediu, a former analyst with the mobile phone company Nokia who now runs his own consultancy, Asymco, argues that "the definition of a new generation of computing is that the new products rely on new input and output methods, and allow a new population of non-expert users to use the product more cheaply and simply".
That certainly sounds like the iPad. It shows that it is possible to have something that does all the computing functions you want with a big screen that also has long battery life and weighs almost nothing, certainly compared to a laptop. It is portable and durable, and the touch screen adds another dimension.
Though it has the most prominent tablet in the market, Apple isn't the only player. Dozens of companies are using Google's free Android software to power tablets, and Google is helping them along with a custom version called "Honeycomb", designed for iPad-sized Android tablets. An estimated 17 million tablets -- from Apple and others -- were sold in 2010, and that number is likely to keep growing.
But is it really changing the way we work? We interviewed a range of people in different professions to see whether the iPad is all hype -- or whether in future we will all keep taking the tablets.
Margaret Manning -- businesswoman
Margaret Manning first realised that her iPad was going to change how she worked when she was in hospital, recovering from a minor operation, about a month after buying it. "I realised I could comfortably do emails, download a book to read, watch a film, whatever," she says. "There's no other device that you can do that with. You certainly can't read with a laptop in bed."

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Manning (50) is the founder and chief executive of Reading Room, a London-based web development agency employing 170 people. She takes the iPad with her to client meetings and presentations: "It's got a wow factor," she says. "I did a presentation that I ran off it, and all the people in the room went, 'Ooh'," she recalls, adding: "They were all bankers."
To Manning, the iPad's chief virtue is its versatility. She can carry it in her bag to go to clients, check work emails in a coffee shop or train, and then take it to a bar later and kill some time playing a game. It's become her laptop, TV screen, iPod and iPhone. "It's adaptive to today's digital age. You can create and consume content in a different way."
Key to that is the screen size. "The iPhone was a step towards this, but the format is vital. This allows businesses to start using it in a way they couldn't with the iPhone."
She cites an app that Reading Room has developed for Grains Research Development Corporation in Australia which lets farmers examine crops for disease by comparing them, in the field, to pictures on the iPad. That could be done on a laptop -- but it would be cumbersome compared to doing it on the handheld screen.
She revels in the simplicity of the interface, and says battery life is key: "If it was shorter, that would change the relationship. If I had to travel with plugs and extra batteries that would change things. The iPhone's battery life is too short -- it hacks me off."
Are there any drawbacks? "There are two things that it doesn't do well: the keyboard -- if I travel with it, I have to take a lightweight keypad -- and voice calls. You can use Skype [the free internet voice call service], but not everybody has Skype, and I can't use it to call a client. "
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